| 新 | xīn | new; newly; meso- (chemistry) |
| Xīn | abbr. for Xinjiang 新疆[Xin1 jiang1] or Singapore 新加坡[Xin1 jia1 po1]; surname Xin | |
| 防 | fáng | to protect; to defend; to guard against; to prevent |
| 反 | fǎn | contrary; in reverse; inside out or upside down; to reverse; to return; to oppose; opposite; against; anti-; to rebel; to use analogy; instead; abbr. for 反切[fan3 qie4] phonetic system |
| 要 | yào | important; vital; to want; to ask for; will; going to (as future auxiliary); may; must; (used in a comparison) must be; probably; if |
| yāo | to demand; to request; to coerce | |
| 多少 | duō shao | how much; how many; which (number); as much as |
| duō shǎo | number; amount; somewhat | |
| 加固 | jiā gù | to reinforce (a structure); to strengthen |