Qín Shǐ huáng
Qin Shihuang (259-210 BC), the first emperor
Qín
surname Qin
Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) of the first emperor 秦始皇[Qin2 Shi3 huang2]
abbr. for 陝西|陕西[Shan3 xi1]
qīn
parent
one's own (flesh and blood)
relative
related
marriage
bride
close
intimate
in person
first-hand
in favor of
pro-
to kiss
(Internet slang) dear
Dí
surname Di
variant of 狄[Di2], generic name for northern ethnic minorities during the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 BC-220 AD)
xiān Qín
pre-Qin, Chinese history up to the foundation of the Qin imperial dynasty in 221 BC
Qín Hàn
the Qin (221-207 BC) and Han (206 BC-220 AD) dynasties
qín
used in phonetic transcription -xine, -zine or -chin
qín
diligent
industrious
hardworking
frequent
regular
constant
qín
generic term for birds and animals
birds
to capture (old)
Lǐ Sī
Li Si (c. 280-208 BC), Legalist philosopher, calligrapher and Prime minister of Qin kingdom and Qin dynasty from 246 to 208 BC
qín
guqin or zither, cf 古琴[gu3 qin2]
musical instrument in general
qīn
to respect
to admire
to venerate
by the emperor himself
Dí
surname Di
generic name for northern ethnic minorities during the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 BC-220 AD)
Bā shǔ
Sichuan
originally two provinces of Qin and Han
qīn
to invade
to encroach
to infringe
to approach
Xú Fú
Xu Fu (3rd century BC), Qin dynasty court necromancer
Wáng Měng
Wang Meng (325-375), prime minister to Fu Jian 苻堅|苻坚[Fu2 Jian1] of Former Qin 前秦[Qian2 Qin2]
Yí líng
Yiling (barbarian mound), historical place name in Yichang county 宜昌縣|宜昌县 Hubei, first mentioned in history (after its destruction by Qin) as burial place of the former Chu kings
Yiling district of Yichang city 宜昌市[Yi2 chang1 shi4], Hubei
Fǎ Jiā
Legalist School of Thought of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) founded by Han Fei 韓非|韩非[Hán Fēi] and Li Si 李斯[Lǐ Sī], later adopted by Shang Yang 商鞅[Shāng Yāng] whose reforms helped establish the supremacy of the Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qīn qài] (221-207 BC)
Cháng píng
Changping, place name in Gaoping County 高平縣|高平县, southern Shanxi, the scene of the great battle of 262-260 BC between Qin and Zhao
Qín Guó
Qin State, one of the seven states of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)
qín
to hold in (usually refers the mouth or eyes)
qǐn
smiling countenance
bamboo rope
Zhàn guó cè
"Strategies of the Warring States", chronicle of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC), possibly written by Su Qin 蘇秦|苏秦[Su1 Qin2]
Shāng Yāng
Shang Yang (c. 390-338 BC), legalist philosopher and important statesman of Qin state 秦國|秦国 whose militaristic reforms in 356 and 350 BC played a key role in establishing Qin power
Méng Tián
Qin general Meng Tian (-210 BC), involved in 215 BC in fighting the Northern Xiongnu 匈奴 and building the great wall
qín sè
qin and se, two string instruments that play in perfect harmony
marital harmony
hú qin
huqin
family of Chinese two-stringed fiddles, with snakeskin covered wooden soundbox and bamboo bow with horsehair bowstring
Lián Pō
Lian Po (327-243 BC), famous general of Zhao 趙國|赵国, repeatedly victorious over Qin 秦國|秦国 and Qi 齊國|齐国
Jīng Kē
Jing Ke (-227 BC), celebrated in verse and fiction as would-be assassin of King Ying Zheng of Qin 秦嬴政 (later the First Emperor 秦始皇)
Qín dài
Qin dynasty (221-207 BC), founded by the first emperor Qin Shihuang 秦始皇[Qin2 Shi3 huang2], the first dynasty to rule the whole of China
Mèng jiāng nǚ
heroine of Qin dynasty 秦朝 folk tale, who searched for her husband, and whose tears broke down a stretch of the Great Wall to reveal his body
Lǚ shì chūn qiū
lit “Mr Lü's Spring and Autumn (Annals)”, compendium of the philosophies of the Hundred Schools of Thought諸子百家|诸子百家 [Zhū zǐ Bǎi Jiā], compiled around 239 BC under the patronage of Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qín Dài] Chancellor Lü Buwei.呂不韋|吕不韦[Lǚ Bù wéi]
xiǎo zhuàn
the small or lesser seal, the form of Chinese character standardized by the Qin dynasty
Qín ān
Qin'an county in Tianshui 天水[Tian1 shui3], Gansu
qìn
to vomit (of dogs and cats)
to rail against
to talk nonsense
Qín jūn
the Qin army (model for the terracotta warriors)
Qīn Huì
Qin Hui (1090-1155 AD), Song Dynasty official said to have betrayed General Yue Fei 岳飛|岳飞[Yuè Fēi]
Qián Qín
Former Qin of the Sixteen Kingdoms (351-395)
Sū Qín
Su Qin (340-284 BC), political strategist of the School of Diplomacy 縱橫家|纵横家[Zong4 heng2 jia1] during the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)
Bái Qǐ
Bai Qi (-258 BC), famous general of Qin 秦國|秦国, the victor at 長平|长平 in 260 BC
same as 公孫起|公孙起
Qìn xiàn
Qin county in Changzhi 長治|长治[Chang2 zhi4], Shanxi
Hòu Qín
Later Qin of the Sixteen Kingdoms (384-417)
Lǚ Bù wéi
Lü Buwei (?291-235 BC), merchant and politician of the State of Qin 秦國|秦国[Qín Gúo], subsequent Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qín Dài] Chancellor, allegedly the father of Ying Zhen 嬴政[Yíng Zhèng], who subsequently became the first emperor Qin Shihuang 秦始皇[Qín Shǐ huáng]
qín
small cicada with a square head
Cháng píng zhī zhàn
battle of Changping of 260 BC, at which the Qin army 秦軍|秦军[Qin2 jun1] encircled and annihilated a Zhao army of 400,000
Qín mò
the end of the Qin dynasty 207 BC
Shāng Yāng biàn fǎ
Shang Yang's political reform of Qin state 秦國|秦国 of 356 BC and 350 BC, that put it on the road to world domination
Qín ān xiàn
Qin'an county in Tianshui 天水[Tian1 shui3], Gansu
duàn xián
widowed
lit. broken string, cf 琴瑟[qin2 se4] qin and se, two instruments epitomizing marital harmony
Xī Qín
Western Qin of the Sixteen Kingdoms (385-431)
Hán gǔ Guān
Hangu Pass in modern day Henan Province, strategic pass forming the eastern gate of the Qin State during the Warring States Period (770-221 BC)
qín
variant of 琴, guqin or zither
Zòng héng Jiā
School of Diplomacy of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) whose leading advocates were Su Qin 蘇秦|苏秦[Sū Qín] and Zhang Yi 張儀|张仪[Zhàng Yí]
chūn qiū wǔ bà
the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC), namely: Duke Huan of Qi 齊桓公|齐桓公, Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公|晋文公, King Zhuang of Chu 楚莊王|楚庄王, and alternatively Duke Xiang of Song 宋襄公 and Duke Mu of Qin 楚莊王|楚庄王 or King Helu of Wu 吳王闔閭|吴王阖闾 and King Gou Jian of Yue 越王勾踐|越王勾践
dà zhuàn
the great seal
used narrowly for 籀文
used broadly for many pre-Qin scripts
Qín Mù gōng
Duke Mu of Qin, the first substantial king of Qin (ruled 659-621 BC), sometimes considered one of the Five Hegemons 春秋五霸
qín sè hé míng
in perfect harmony
in sync
lit. qin and se sing in harmony
xù xián
to remarry (of a widow)
second wife
qin and se 琴瑟[qin2 se4], two string instruments as a symbol of marital harmony
Tài zǐ Dān
Prince Dan of Yan (-226 BC), commissioned the attempted assassination of King Ying Zheng of Qin 秦嬴政 (later the First Emperor 秦始皇) by Jing Ke 荆轲 in 227 BC
Qín Mù
Qin Mu (1919-1992), educator and prolific writer
Zhōu Bó
Zhou Bo (?-169 BC), military man and politician at the Qin-Han transition, a founding minister of Western Han
zhāo Qín mù Chǔ
serve Qin in the morning Chu in the evening (idiom); quick to switch sides
Qīng lóng Mǎn zú zì zhì xiàn
Qinglong Manchu autonomous county in Qinhuangdao 秦皇島|秦皇岛[Qín huáng dǎo], Hebei
Qín Xiào gōng
Duke Xiao of Qin, 秦國|秦国[Qin2 guo2], ruled 361-338 BC during the Warring States Period
Wèi Liáo
Wei Lao (c. 450 BC, dates of birth and death unknown), advisor to the first Qin emperor Qin Shihuang 秦始皇[Qin2 Shi3 huang2], possible author of the Wei Liaozi 尉繚子|尉缭子[Wei4 Liao2 zi5] text on military strategy
Huáng Shí gōng
Huang Shigong, also known as Xia Huanggong 夏黃公|夏黄公[Xia4 Huang2 gong1] (dates of birth and death uncertain), Daoist hermit of the Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qin2 dai4] and purported author
zhàn guó mò nián
late Warring States period, c. 250-221 BC before the First Emperor's Qin Dynasty
Lào Ǎi
Lao Ai (-238 BC), man of Qin famous for his giant penis
in fiction, bogus eunuch and the consort of king Ying Zheng's mother lady Zhao
qín
variant of 琴[qin2], guqin or zither
Yān Tài zǐ Dān
Prince Dan of Yan (-226 BC), commissioned the attempted assassination of King Ying Zheng of Qin 秦嬴政 (later the First Emperor 秦始皇) by Jing Ke 荆轲 in 227 BC
yuè jīng
Book of Music, said to be one of the Six Classics lost after Qin's burning of the books in 212 BC, but may simply refer to Book of Songs 詩經|诗经
Qín zhuàn
seal script as unified by the Qin dynasty
the small seal 小篆 and great seal 大篆
Qín Huì wén Wáng
King Huiwen of Qin 秦國|秦国, ruled 338-211 BC during the Warring States Period
qìn
vomiting of animals
to use bad language
Qín huǒ
the Qin burning of the books in 212 BC
zhàn guó mò
late Warring States period, c. 250-221 BC before the First Emperor's Qin Dynasty
Qín Tāo yù
Qin Taoyu, Tang poet, author of long poem Poor Woman 貧女詩|贫女诗[pin2 nu:3 shi1]
Xià Huáng gōng
Xia Huanggong also known as Huang Shigong 黃石公|黄石公[Huang2 Shi2 gong1] (dates of birth and death uncertain), Daoist hermit of the Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qin2 dai4] and purported author of ”Three Strategies of Huang Shigong” 黃石公三略|黄石公三略[Huang2 Shi2 gong1 San1 lu:e4], one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1]
Shū Mèng lán
Shu Menglan (1759-1835), Qin dynasty writer, poet and editor of Anthology of ci poems tunes 白香詞譜|白香词谱
Lái sī wò sī dǎo
Lesbos (Greek island in the Aegean sea 愛琴海|爱琴海[Ài qín hǎi])
qín sè bù tiáo
out of tune
marital discord, cf qin and se 琴瑟, two string instruments as symbol of marital harmony
Gōng sūn Qǐ
Gongsun Qi (-258 BC), famous general of Qin 秦國|秦国, the victor at 長平|长平 in 260 BC
same as Bai Qi 白起
yù rén chuī xiāo
virtuoso piper wins a beauty
the xiao 箫 (mouth organ) virtuoso 萧史 won for his wife the beautiful daughter of Duke Mu of Qin 秦穆公
pín nǚ shī
Poor Woman, long poem by Tang dynasty poet Qin Taoyu 秦韜玉|秦韬玉[Qín Tāo yù]
Yuè jīng
Book of Music, said to be one of the Six Classics lost after Qin's burning of the books in 212 BC, but may simply refer to Book of Songs 詩經|诗经
Chūn qiū Wǔ bà
the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC), namely: Duke Huan of Qi 齊桓公|齐桓公[Qi2 Huan2 gong1], Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公|晋文公[Jin4 Wen2 gong1], King Zhuang of Chu 楚莊王|楚庄王[Chu3 Zhuang1 wang2], and alternatively Duke Xiang of Song 宋襄公[Song4 Xiang1 gong1] and Duke Mu of Qin 秦穆公[Qin2 Mu4 gong1] or King Helu of Wu 吳王闔閭|吴王阖闾[Wu2 wang2 He2 Lu:2] and King Gou Jian of Yue 越王勾踐|越王勾践[Yue4 wang2 Gou1 Jian4]
Xiǎn yǔn
Zhou Dynasty term for a northern nomadic tribe later called the Xiongnu 匈奴[Xiong1 nu2] in the Qin and Han Dynasties
gǔ yīn
ancient (esp. pre-Qin) pronunciation of a Chinese character
classical speech sounds
Fǎ jiā
Legalist School of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) founded by Han Fei 韓非|韩非[Han2 Fei1] and Li Si 李斯[Li3 Si1], later adopted by Shang Yang 商鞅[Shang1 Yang1] whose reforms helped establish the supremacy of the Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qin1 dai4] (221-207 BC)
Lǚ Bù wéi
Lü Buwei (?291-235 BC), merchant and politician of the State of Qin 秦國|秦国[Qin2 guo2], subsequent Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qin2 dai4] Chancellor, allegedly the father of Ying Zheng 嬴政[Ying2 Zheng4], who subsequently became the first emperor Qin Shihuang 秦始皇[Qin2 Shi3 huang2]
Fú Jiān
Fu Jian (338-385), emperor of Former Qin 前秦[Qian2 Qin2], reigning from 357-385
Lǚ shì Chūn qiū
lit. “Mr. Lü's Spring and Autumn (Annals)”, compendium of the philosophies of the Hundred Schools of Thought 諸子百家|诸子百家[zhu1 zi3 bai3 jia1], compiled around 239 BC under the patronage of Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qin2 dai4] Chancellor Lü Buwei 呂不韋|吕不韦[Lu:3 Bu4 wei2]
qín
leather shoes
leather belt
thin bamboo strips
Mèng jiāng nǚ
heroine of Qin dynasty 秦朝 folk tale, who searched for her husband, and whose tears broke down a stretch of the Great Wall to reveal his body
qín
variant of 勤[qin2]
industrious
solicitous
qín
variant of 琴[qin2], guqin or zither
pín nǚ shī
Poor Woman, long poem by Tang dynasty poet Qin Taoyu 秦韜玉|秦韬玉[Qin2 Tao1 yu4]
Zhào Gāo
Zhao Gao (?-207 BC), one of the most vile, corrupt and powerful eunuchs in Chinese history, responsible for the fall of Qin Dynasty
Zòng héng jiā
School of Diplomacy of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) whose leading advocates were Su Qin 蘇秦|苏秦[Su1 Qin2] and Zhang Yi 張儀|张仪[Zhang4 Yi2]
Qín Èr shì
Qin Ershi (229-207 BC), second Qin emperor
Qín guó
Qin State, one of the seven states of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)
Qín Huì
Qin Hui (1090-1155 AD), Song Dynasty official said to have betrayed General Yue Fei 岳飛|岳飞[Yue4 Fei1]
Qín Yuè rén
Qin Yueren (407-310 BC), Warring States physician known for his medical skills