Míng
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
surname Ming
Ming (c. 2000 BC), fourth of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝[Yan2 di4] descended from Shennong 神農|神农[Shen2 nong2] Farmer God
míng bào
Ming Pao newspaper (Hong Kong)
míng
name
noun (part of speech)
place (e.g. among winners)
famous
classifier for people
míng
bright
opposite: dark 暗[an4]
(of meaning) clear
to understand
next
public or open
wise
generic term for a sacrifice to the gods
mìng
life
fate
order or command
to assign a name, title etc
Míng dài
the Ming dynasty (1368-1644)
Lǐ Shí zhēn
Li Shizhen (1518-1593), Ming botanist and pharmacologist, author of Compendium of Medical Herbs 本草綱目|本草纲目[Ben3 cao3 Gang1 mu4]
Zhèng Tǒng
Zhengtong Emperor, reign name of sixth Ming Emperor Zhu Qizhen 朱祁鎮|朱祁镇[Zhū Qí zhèn] (1427-1464), reigned 1435-1449, Temple name Yingzong 英宗[Yīng zōng]
Hóng Wǔ
Hongwu Emperor, also written Hung-wu Ti , reign name of first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 硃元璋|朱元璋[Zhū Yuán zhāng] (1328-1398), reigned 1386-1398, Temple name明太祖[Míng Tài zǔ]
Wàn lì
reign name of Ming emperor (1573-1619)
Jiàn Wén
Jianwen Emperor, reign name of second Ming Emperor Zhu Yunwen 朱允炆[Zhu1 Yun3 wen2] (1377-1402), reigned 1398-1402
tí dū
the local commander
provincial governor (in Qing and Ming times)
Zhū Yuán zhāng
Zhu Yuanzhang, personal name of first Ming dynasty emperor Hongwu 洪武[Hong2 wu3]
tǔ sī
sliced bread (loanword from "toast")
government-appointed hereditary tribal headman in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties
Zhèng Dé
Zhengde Emperor, reign name of eleventh Ming emperor Zhu Houzhao 朱厚照[Zhù Hòu zhào] (1491-1521), reigned 1505-1521, Temple name 明武宗[Míng Wǔ zōng]
míng
to cry (of birds, animals and insects)
míng
boring insect
snout moth's larva (Aphomia gullaris or Plodia interpuncuella or Heliothus armigera etc), major agricultural pest
Táng Bó hǔ
Tang Bohu or Tang Yin 唐寅 (1470-1523), Ming painter and poet, one of Four great southern talents of the Ming 江南四大才子
Yǒng Lè
Yongle Emperor, reign name of third Ming emperor Zhu Di 硃棣|朱棣[Zhù Dī] (1360-1424), reigned 1403-1424, Temple name 明成祖[Míng Chéng zǔ]
gōng nǚ
palace maid
CL:個|个[gè],名[míng],位[wèi]
huá qiáo
overseas Chinese
(in a restricted sense) Chinese emigrant who still retains Chinese nationality
CL:個|个[gè],位[wèi],名[míng]
Jīn píng méi
Jinpingmei or the Golden Lotus (1617), Ming dynasty vernacular novel, formerly notorious and banned for its sexual content
Jǐng tài
Jingtai county in Baiyin 白銀|白银[Bai2 yin2], Gansu
Jiangtai Emperor, reign name of seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu 朱祁鈺|朱祁钰[Zhu1 Qi2 yu4] (1428-1457), reigned 1449-1457, Temple name 代宗[Dai4 zong1]
Lǜ yíng
Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
Yáo Míng
Yao Ming (1980-), retired Chinese basketball player, played for CBA Shanghai Sharks 1997-2002 and for NBA Houston Rockets 2002-2011
míng
Thea sinensis
young leaves of tea
míng
dark
deep
stupid
the underworld
Táng Yín
Tang Bohu 唐伯虎 or Tang Yin (1470-1523), Ming painter and poet, one of Four great southern talents of the Ming 江南四大才子
míng
to engrave
inscribed motto
Chóng zhēn
Chongzhen, reign name of last Ming emperor (1628-1644)
Tiān shùn
Tianshun Emperor, reign name of eighth Ming Emperor 朱祁鎮|朱祁镇[Zhu1 Qi2 zhen4] (1427-1464), reigned 1457-1464, Temple name Yingzong 英宗[Ying1 zong1]
Míng shǐ
History of the Ming Dynasty, twenty fourth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Zhang Tingyu 張廷玉|张廷玉[Zhang1 Ting2 yu4] in 1739 during the Qing Dynasty, 332 scrolls
Shī Míng dé
Shih Ming-te (1941-), Taiwanese politician, imprisoned 1962-1977 and 1980-1990 under the Guomindang, subsequently a leader of DPP 民進黨|民进党, since 2006 leader of protests against Chen Shui-Bian 陳水扁|陈水扁[Chen2 Shui3 bian3]
Wáng Jiàn mín
Chien-Ming Wang (1980-), Taiwanese starting pitcher for the Washington Nationals in Major League Baseball
Míng Qīng
the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties
Zhèng Hé
Zheng He (1371-1433), famous early Ming dynasty admiral and explorer
huá lín
Hualinbu, Ming dynasty theatrical troupe in Nanjing
Qín qiāng
Qinqiang, an opera style popular in northwest China, possibly originating in Ming dynasty folk music
Shanxi opera
Pān Jīn lián
Pan Jinlian (name lit. Golden Lotus), heroine of Ming dynasty vernacular novel Jinpingmei or the Golden Lotus 金瓶梅
Míng mò
late Ming
first half of the 17th century
Xī yóu jì
Journey to the West, Ming dynasty novel by Wu Cheng'en 吳承恩|吴承恩, one of the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature
also called Pilgrimage to the West or Monkey
fēng shén bǎng
Investiture of the Gods, major Ming dynasty vernacular novel of mythology and fantasy, very loosely based on King Wu of Zhou's 周武王 overthrow of the Shang, subsequent material for opera, film, TV series, computer games etc
Zǐ jīn shān
Purple Mountain in suburbs of Nanjing, with Ming tombs and Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum
Míng chū
the early Ming (i.e. from second half of 14th century)
xún fǔ
inspector-general of province in Ming and Qing times
Táng Xuán zōng
Tang Emperor Xuanzong (685-762), also known as Emperor Ming of Tang 唐明皇[Tang2 Ming2 huang2], reign name of seventh Tang emperor 李隆基[Li3 Long1 ji1], reigned 712-756
Míng mò Qīng chū
late Ming and early Qing
around the middle of the 17th century
Hǎi Ruì
Hai Rui (1514-1587), Ming politician, famous for honesty and integrity
Zhù Dī
Zhudi, personal name of third Ming Emperor Yongle 永樂|永乐[Yǒng Lè]
Zhí lì
Ming and Qing dynasty province directly administered by Beijing, including Beijing, Tianjin, most of Hebei and Henan and part of Shandong
Wáng Míng
Wang Ming (1904-1974), Soviet trained Chinese communist, Comintern and Soviet stooge and left adventurist in the 1930s, fell out with Mao and moved to Soviet Union from 1956
Lǐ Zì chéng
Li Zicheng (1605-1645), leader of peasant rebellion at the end of the Ming Dynasty
Xuān dé
Xuande Emperor, reign name of fifth Ming emperor Zhu Zhanji 朱瞻基[Zhu1 Zhan1 ji1] (1398-1435), reigned 1426-1436, Temple name 明宣宗[Ming2 Xuan1 zong1]
Míng Chéng zǔ
Ming Chengzu, Temple name of third Ming Emperor Yongle 永樂|永乐[Yong3 le4]
Hú guǎng
Hubei and Hunan provinces (a Ming dynasty province)
fēng shén yǎn yì
Investiture of the Gods, major Ming dynasty vernacular novel of mythology and fantasy, very loosely based on King Wu of Zhou's 周武王 overthrow of the Shang, subsequent material for opera, film, TV series, computer games etc
Táng Míng huáng
Emperor Ming of Tang (685-762), also known as Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 唐玄宗[Tang2 Xuan2 zong1], reigned 712-756
Míng Tài zǔ
Ming Taizu, Temple name of first Ming emperor Hongwu 洪武[Hong2 wu3]
fǎn qīng
anti-Qing
refers to the revolutionary movements in late 19th and early 20th century leading up to 1911 Xinhai revolution 辛亥革命 [xīn hài gé mìng]
Liú Bó wēn
Liu Bowen (1311-1375), general under the first Ming emperor Zu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, with a reputation as a military genius
also called Liu Ji 劉基|刘基
Yuán shǐ
History of the Yuan Dynasty, twenty third of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Song Lian 宋濂[Song4 Lian2] in 1370 during the Ming Dynasty, 210 scrolls
cí huà
form of writing novels that comprise lots of poetry in the body of the text, popular in the Ming Dynasty
bǎ zǒng
low-level officer of the army from the Ming to the mid Qing Dynasty
Ān Shǐ zhī luàn
An Shi rebellion (755-763) of 安祿山|安禄山[Ān Lù shān] and 史思明[Shǐ Sī míng], a catastrophic setback for Tang dynasty
jì nǚ
stepdaughter
CL:個|个[gè],名[míng]
Zhāng Jū zhèng
Zhang Juzheng (1525-1582), Grand Secretary during the Ming dynasty, credited with bringing the dynasty to its apogee
sǎn qǔ
verse or song form from Yuan, Ming and Qing
Hǎi shēn wǎi
Vladivostok
Ming and Qing name for Vladivostok 符拉迪沃斯託克|符拉迪沃斯托克 and the province around it
xiāng shì
the triennial provincial imperial exam during the Ming and Qing
Yīng zōng
Yingzong, Temple name of sixth and eighth Ming emperor Zhengtong 正統|正统[Zheng4 tong3]
shè xué
Ming or Qing dynasty school
Gù Yán wǔ
Gu Yanwu (1613-1682), late Ming and early Qing Confucian philosopher, linguist and historian, played a founding role in phonology of early Chinese, author of Rizhilu or Record of daily study 日知錄|日知录
Míng xiào líng
Ming tombs in Nanjing, tomb of founding Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋[Zhu1 Yuan2 zhang1], a World Heritage site
Lì Mǎ dòu
Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), Jesuit missionary and translator in Ming China
Bèi Yù míng
Pei Ieoh Ming or I.M. Pei (1917-), famous Chinese-American architect
fēng jiāng
border region
regional general acting as governor (in Ming and Qing times)
Lǐ Yú
Li Yu (1611-c. 1680), late Ming and early Qing writer and dramatist
Hóng Xī
Hongxi Emperor, reign name of fourth Ming emperor Zhu Gaochi 朱高熾|朱高炽[Zhu1 Gao1 chi4] (1378-1425), reigned (1424-1425), Temple name 明仁宗[Ming2 Ren2 zong1]
Tāng xiǎn zǔ
Tang Xianzu (1550-1616), Ming poet and dramatist, author of Peony pavilion 牡丹亭
Wáng fū zhī
Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692), wide-ranging scholar of the Ming-Qing transition
Míng shí sān líng
the Ming tombs (mausoleum park of the Ming emperors in Changping district of Beijing)
Féng Mèng lóng
Feng Menglong (1574-1646), late Ming dynasty novelist writing in colloquial (baihua), author of Stories Old and New 古今小說|古今小说[Gu3 jin1 Xiao3 shuo1]
zhū shēng
Imperial scholar from the Ming Dynasty onwards
Jiàn wén dì
reign name of second Ming emperor, reigned 1398-1402, deposed in 1402 (mysterious disappearance is ongoing conspiracy theory)
zhāng huí xiǎo shuō
novel in chapters, main format for long novels from the Ming onwards, with each chapter headed by a summary couplet
Zhāng Dài
Zhang Dai (1597-c. 1684), late Ming scholar
Yuán mò Míng chū
late Yuan and early Ming
mid 14th century
Zhāng yí
Zhang Yi (1608-1695), prolific author and poet spanning interregnum between Ming and Qing
Huáng Zōng xī
Huang Zongxi (1610-1695), scholar and writer of the Ming-Qing transition
Chuǎng Wáng
Chuangwang or Roaming King, adopted name of late Ming peasant rebel leader Li Zicheng 李自成 (1605-1645)
Liú Jī
Liu Ji or Liu Bowen 劉伯溫|刘伯温 (1311-1375), general under the first Ming emperor Zu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, with a reputation as a military genius
xiào lián
xiaolian, two examination subjects in Han, later a single subject in Ming and Qing
successful second degree candidate
míng
space between the eyebrows and the eyelashes
Zhāng Xiàn zhōng
Zhang Xianzhong (1606-1647), leader of a late-Ming peasant revolt
Wén Zhēng míng
Wen Zhengming (1470-1559), Ming painter, one of Four great southern talents of the Ming 江南四大才子
Lǐ Zhì
Li Zhi (1527-1602), late Ming philosopher, historian and writer
Sòng Lián
Song Lian (1310-1381), Ming dynasty writer, historian and politician
Wèi Zhōng xián
Wei Zhongxian (1568-1627), infamous eunuch politician of late Ming
Dài zōng
Daizong, Temple name of seventh Ming emperor Jingtai 景泰[Jing3 tai4]
jìn gǔ
near ancient history (often taken to mean Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing times)
Xú Guāng qǐ
Xu Guangqi (1562-1633), agricultural scientist, astronomer, and mathematician in the Ming dynasty
Shē Xiāng
She Xiang (c. 1361-1396), lady who served as Yi ethnic group leader in Yunnan in early Ming times
Yuán Hóng dào
Yuan Hongdao (1568-1610), Ming dynasty poet and travel writer
Míng Tiān qǐ
Tianqi Emperor, reign name of fifteenth Ming emperor Zhu Youxiao 朱由校[Zhu1 You2 xiao4] (1605-1627), reigned 1620-1627, Temple name 明熹宗[Ming2 Xi1 zong1]
Zhù Zhī shān
Zhu Zhishan (1460-1526), Ming calligrapher and poet, one of Four great southern talents of the Ming 江南四大才子
guān fáng
security measures (esp. border security)
official seal (esp. military seal during Qing and Ming times)
Zuǒ Qiū míng
Zuo Qiuming or Zuoqiu Ming (556-451), famous blind historian from Lu 魯國|鲁国 to whom the history Zuo Zhuan 左傳|左传 is attributed
chū kè pāi àn jīng qí
Slap the table in amazement, Part I
first of two books of stories by Ming dynasty novelist Ling Mengchu 凌蒙初
Zhù Yǔn míng
Zhu Yunming (1460-1526), Ming dynasty calligrapher
Míng Wǔ zōng
Ming Wuzong, temple name of eleventh Ming emperor Zhengde 正德[Zheng4 de2]
Zhāng Tíng yù
Zhang Tingyu (1672-1755), Qing politician, senior minister to three successive emperors, oversaw compilation of History of the Ming Dynasty 明史[Ming2 shi3] and the Kangxi Dictionary 康熙字典[Kang1 xi1 Zi4 dian3]
Hàn Míng Dì
Emperor Ming of Han (28-75), Western Han Dynasty Emperor 58-75
Zhū Hòu zhào
Zhu Houzhao, personal name of tenth Ming emperor 正德[Zheng4 de2] (1491-1521), reigned 1505-1521
Zhù Hòu zhào
Zhu Houzhao, personal name of eleventh Ming emperor Zhengde 正德[Zhèng Dé]
jìng nán zhī yì
war of 1402 between successors of the first Ming Emperor
Míng Rén zōng
Ming Renzong, Temple name of fourth Ming emperor Zhu Gaochi 朱高熾|朱高炽[Zhu1 Gao1 chi4]
Jīn Píng Méi Cí Huà
Jinpingmei or the Golden Lotus (1617), Ming dynasty vernacular novel, formerly notorious and banned for its sexual content
Míng Xī zōng
Ming Xizong, Temple name of fifteenth Ming emperor Tianqi 明天啟|明天启[Ming2 Tian1 qi3]
mǎng páo
official robe worn by ministers during the Ming 明 (1368-1644) and Qing 清 (1644-1911) dynasties
Zhū Yǔn wén
Zhu Yuanwen, personal name of second Ming Emperor Jianwen 建文[Jian4 Wen2]
Zhāng Pǔ
Zhang Pu (1602-1641), Ming dynasty scholar and prolific writer, proponent of 複社|复社[fu4 she4] cultural renewal movement, author of Five tombstone inscriptions 五人墓碑記|五人墓碑记[wu3 ren2 mu4 bei1 ji4]
Huàn shā jì
Huansahji or Washing the Silken Gauze, Yuan and Ming saga reworked by 梁辰魚|梁辰鱼 from History of the Southern States Wu and Yue, 吳越春秋|吴越春秋, a popular opera subject
yuàn shì
the last of the three entry-level exams in the imperial examination system of Ming and Qing dynasties
Míng Xuān zōng
Temple name of fifth Ming emperor Xuande 宣德[Xuan1 de2]
Zhū Yóu xiào
personal name of fifteenth Ming emperor Tianqi 明天啟|明天启[Ming2 Tian1 qi3] (1605-1627), reigned 1620-1627
Zhū Zhān jī
Zhu Zhanji, personal name of fifth Ming emperor Xuande 宣德[Xuan1 de2]
Jiāng nán sì dà cái zǐ
Four great southern talents of the Ming, namely: Tang Bohu 唐伯虎, Zhu Zhishan 祝枝山, Wen Zhengming 文徵明|文征明 and Xu Zhenqing 徐禎卿|徐祯卿
míng shí lù
annals of the Ming Dynasty 明朝[Ming2 chao2] (1368-1644)
Dà gū kǒu pào tái
Taku Forts, maritime defense works in Tianjin dating back to the Ming dynasty, playing a prominent role during the Opium Wars (1839-1860)
fù shè
late Ming cultural renewal movement, led by Zhang Pu 張溥|张溥[Zhāng Pǔ] and others
Gǔ jīn xiǎo shuō
Tales old and new by Feng Menglong 馮夢龍|冯梦龙, collection of late Ming baihua 白話|白话 tales
Zhū Qí zhèn
Zhu Qizhen, personal name of sixth and eighth Ming emperor Zhengtong 正統|正统[Zheng4 tong3], afterwards Tianshun Emperor 天順|天顺[Tian1 shun4] (1427-1464), reigned 1435-1449 and 1457-1464
Zhù Gāo chì
Zhu Gaochi, personal name of fourth Ming emperor Hongxi 洪熙[Hóng Xī]
Dà gū pào tái
Taku Forts, maritime defense works in Tianjin dating back to the Ming dynasty, playing a prominent role during the Opium Wars (1839-1860)
Xú Zhēn qīng
Xu Zhenqing (1479-1511), Ming writer, one of Four great southern talents of the Ming 江南四大才子
Chén Chén
Chen Chen (1613-1670), novelist and poet at the Ming-Qing transition, author of Water Margin sequel 水滸後傳|水浒后传
qiū wéi
autumn exam (triennial provincial exam during Ming and Qing)
Zhū Qí yù
Zhu Qiyu, personal name of seventh Ming emperor Jingtai 景泰[Jing3 tai4] (1428-1457), reigned 1449-1457
Lǜ yíng bīng
Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
Líng Méng chū
Ling Mengchu (1580-1644), Ming dynasty novelist and dramatist
also written 凌濛初
Líng Méng chū
Ling Mengchu (1580-1644), Ming dynasty novelist and dramatist
also written 凌蒙初
Xǔ Zhòng lín
Xu Zhonglin or Chen Zhonglin 陳仲琳|陈仲琳 (c. 1567-c. 1620), Ming novelist, to whom the fantasy novel Investure of the Gods 封神演義|封神演义 is attributed, together with Lu Xixing 陸西星|陆西星
Hǎi qīng tiān
popular nickname of Hai Rui 海瑞[Hai3 Rui4] (1514-1587), Ming politician, famous for honesty and integrity
Yáng Shǒu rén
Yang Shouren (1912-2005), PRC agricultural scientist
Yang Shouren (16th century), Ming dynasty scholar
Lì Mǎ dòu
Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), Jesuit missionary and translator in Ming China
erroneous spelling of 利瑪竇|利玛窦
Nú ér gān
part of Heilongjiang and the Vladivostok area ruled by the Ming dynasty
Jiā shān sì
Jiashan Temple, Buddhist temple in Shimen 石门, Changde 常德, Hunan, the purported final home and burial place of late Ming peasant rebel leader Li Zicheng 李自成
qiū shì
autumn exam (triennial provincial exam during Ming and Qing)
Liáng Chén yú
Liang Chenyu (1521-1594), Ming dramatist of the Kunshan opera school
Féng Wǔ
Feng Doubo or Feng Wu (1672-), calligrapher of the Ming-Qing transition
also called 馮竇伯|冯窦伯[Feng2 Dou4 bo2]
Hòu Xī yóu jì
one of three Ming dynasty sequels to Journey to the West 西遊記|西游记
Nú ér gān dū sī
the Ming dynasty provincial headquarters in the Heilongjiang and Vladivostok area
qiū shěn
autumn trial (judicial hearing of capital cases during Ming and Qing)
Sà ěr hǔ zhī zhàn
Battle of Sarhu in 1619, in which the Manchus under Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤 crushed four Ming armies
Xī yóu bǔ
one of three Ming dynasty sequels to Journey to the West 西遊記|西游记
Mǎn là jiā
Ming Dynasty name for modern day Malacca
see also 馬六甲|马六甲[Ma3 liu4 jia3]
Fó lǎng jī
Portuguese (Ming era loanword)
Chuǎng Wáng líng
mausoleum to late Ming peasant rebel leader Li Zicheng 李自成 (who styled himself Chuang Wang): one in Jiugongshan 九宫山 nature reserve, Tongshan county, Xianning prefecture, Hubei, and another in Shimen 石门, Changde 常德, Hunan, built starting in 1980
Mǎ Zhōng xī
Ma Zhongxi, Ming writer (1446-1512), author of the fable 中山狼传 of Mr Dongguo and the ungrateful Wolf
Lù Xī xīng
Lu Xixing (1520-c. 1601), Ming Daoist author, to whom the fantasy novel Investure of the Gods 封神演義|封神演义 is attributed, together with Xu Zhonglin 許仲琳|许仲琳
Wáng Dài yú
Wang Daiyu (1584-1670), Hui Islamic scholar of the Ming-Qing transition
Shū yù zhōu zī lù
Ming dynasty record (1574) of exploration and foreign relations
zhì lóng táng sòng
"Ruled better that Tang and Song"
Qing Emperor Kangxi's memorial tribute to the first Ming emperor Hongwu 洪武
Chén Zhòng lín
Xu Zhonglin or Xu Zhonglin 許仲琳|许仲琳 (c. 1567-c. 1620), Ming novelist, to whom the fantasy novel Investure of the Gods 封神演義|封神演义 is attributed, together with Lu Xixing 陸西星|陆西星
Xù Xī yóu jì
one of three Ming dynasty sequels to Journey to the West 西遊記|西游记
Jiā yù guān chéng
Jiayuguan fort in the Gansu corridor
Ming dynasty military fort, the western end of the Great Wall
Chén Rén xī
Chen Renxi (1581-1636), late Ming scholar and prolific author
Luó Mào dēng
Luo Maodeng (16th century), Ming author of operas and popular fiction
Fó lǎng jī pào
Western (and so styled) cannon of the Ming era
also written 佛朗機炮|佛朗机炮
Lǜ qí bīng
same as 綠營|绿营[lǜ yíng], Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
Fó lǎng jī pào
Western (or Western-style) cannon of the Ming era
huá lín bù
Hualinbu, Ming dynasty theatrical troupe in Nanjing
Fó lǎng jī chòng
Western (and so styled) cannon of the Ming era
jiān zhī zào
supervisor of textiles (official post in Ming dynasty)
Féng Dòu bó
Feng Doubo or Feng Wu (1672-), calligrapher of the Ming-Qing transition
also called 馮武|冯武[Feng2 Wu3]
àn shǒu
candidate who ranked 1st in imperial examination on prefecture or county level (in Ming and Qing dynasties)
lǎo yǒu
old friend
sb who passed the county level imperial exam (in Ming dynasty)
Zhèng zì tōng
Zhengzitong, Chinese character dictionary with 33,549 entries, edited by Ming scholar Zhang Zilie 張自烈|张自烈[Zhang1 Zi4 lie4] in 17th century
Zhèng dé
Zhengde Emperor, reign name of eleventh Ming emperor Zhu Houzhao 朱厚照[Zhu1 Hou4 zhao4] (1491-1521), reigned 1505-1521, Temple name 明武宗[Ming2 Wu3 zong1]
Xù Xī yóu Jì
one of three Ming dynasty sequels to Journey to the West 西遊記|西游记
Zhèng tǒng
Zhengtong Emperor, reign name of sixth Ming Emperor Zhu Qizhen 朱祁鎮|朱祁镇[Zhu1 Qi2 zhen4] (1427-1464), reigned 1435-1449, Temple name Yingzong 英宗[Ying1 zong1]
Hóng zhì
Hongzhi Emperor, reign name of ninth Ming emperor 朱祐樘[Zhu1 You4 tang2] (1470-1505), reigned 1487-1505, Temple name 明孝宗[Ming2 Xiao4 zong1]
Huá lín
Hualinbu, Ming dynasty theatrical troupe in Nanjing
Huá lín bù
Hualinbu, Ming dynasty theatrical troupe in Nanjing
Fēng shén Bǎng
Investiture of the Gods, major Ming dynasty vernacular novel of mythology and fantasy, very loosely based on King Wu of Zhou's 周武王[Zhou1 Wu3 wang2] overthrow of the Shang, subsequent material for opera, film, TV series, computer games etc
Fēng shén Yǎn yì
Investiture of the Gods, major Ming dynasty vernacular novel of mythology and fantasy, very loosely based on King Wu of Zhou's 周武王[Zhou1 Wu3 wang2] overthrow of the Shang, subsequent material for opera, film, TV series, computer games etc
Fù shè
late Ming cultural renewal movement, led by Zhang Pu 張溥|张溥[Zhang1 Pu3] and others
Zhāng Zì liè
Zhang Zilie (1597-1673), Ming dynasty scholar, author of Zhengzitong 正字通[Zheng4 zi4 tong1]
Lǜ qí bīng
same as 綠營|绿营[lu:4 ying2], Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
Gǔ jīn Xiǎo shuō
Stories Old and New by Feng Menglong 馮夢龍|冯梦龙[Feng2 Meng4 long2], collection of late Ming baihua 白話|白话[bai2 hua4] tales published in 1620
zhì qián
copper coin of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Nán yuàn
Nanyuan or "Southern Park", an imperial hunting domain during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, now the site of Nanhaizi Park in the south of Beijing
Shī Láng
Shi Lang (1621-1696), Chinese admiral who served under the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Lǜ yíng
Green Standard Army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
Lǜ yíng bīng
Green standard army, standing infantry during Qing dynasty, originally formed from Ming and other Chinese army units
Wáng Fū zhī
Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692), wide-ranging scholar of the Ming-Qing transition
Tāng Xiǎn zǔ
Tang Xianzu (1550-1616), Ming poet and dramatist, author of The Peony Pavilion 牡丹亭[Mu3 dan5 Ting2]
Yǒng lè
Yongle Emperor, reign name of third Ming emperor Zhu Di 朱棣[Zhu1 Di4] (1360-1424), reigned 1403-1424, Temple name 明成祖[Ming2 Cheng2 zu3]
fǔ shì
prefectural exam, the 2nd of the three entry-level exams in the imperial examination system of Ming and Qing dynasties
Lán líng Xiào xiào shēng
Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng, pseudonym of the Ming dynasty writer and author of the Golden Lotus 金瓶梅[Jin1 ping2 mei2]
Èr kè Pāi àn Jīng qí
Slapping the Table in Amazement (Part II), second of two books of vernacular stories by Ming dynasty novelist Ling Mengchu 凌濛初|凌蒙初[Ling2 Meng2 chu1]
Zǐ jīn Shān
Purple Mountain in suburbs of Nanjing, with Ming tombs and Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum
Xī yóu Jì
Journey to the West, Ming dynasty novel by Wu Cheng'en 吳承恩|吴承恩, one of the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature
also called Pilgrimage to the West or Monkey
Zhū Dì
Zhu Di, personal name of third Ming Emperor Yongle 永樂|永乐[Yong3 le4]
Zhū Gāo chì
Zhu Gaochi, personal name of fourth Ming emperor Hongxi 洪熙[Hong2 Xi1]
Hòu Xī yóu Jì
one of three Ming dynasty sequels to Journey to the West 西遊記|西游记
Míng Bào
Ming Pao newspaper (Hong Kong)
Xú Xiá kè
Xu Xiake (1587-1641), Ming dynasty travel writer and geographer, author of Xu Xiake's Travel Diaries 徐霞客遊記|徐霞客游记[Xu2 Xia2 ke4 You2 ji4]
bā gǔ wén
eight-part essay one had to master to pass the imperial exams in Ming and Qing dynasties
Gū Hóng míng
Ku Hung-ming or Gu Hongming (1857-1928), Malaysian man of letters, highly regarded for his literary works written mostly in English, and known for his monarchist views
Hóng wǔ
Hongwu Emperor, also written Hung-wu Ti, reign name of first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋[Zhu1 Yuan2 zhang1] (1328-1398), reigned 1386-1398, Temple name 明太祖[Ming2 Tai4 zu3]
huì yuán
provincial imperial examination graduate who ranked 1st in metropolitan examination (in Ming and Qing dynasties)
Chū kè Pāi àn Jīng qí
Slapping the Table in Amazement (Part I), first of two books of vernacular stories by Ming dynasty novelist Ling Mengchu 凌濛初|凌蒙初[Ling2 Meng2 chu1]
Wǎ là
Oirat Mongols (alliance of tribes of Western Mongolia) (Ming Dynasty term)
Táo huā Shàn
The Peach Blossom Fan, historical play about the last days of the Ming dynasty by Kong Shangren 孔尚任[Kong3 Shang4 ren4]