Hán
Han, one of the Seven Hero States of the Warring States 戰國七雄|战国七雄
Korea from the fall of the Joseon dynasty in 1897
Korea, esp. South Korea 大韓民國|大韩民国
surname Han
Hán guó
South Korea (Republic of Korea)
Han, one of the Seven Hero States of the Warring States 戰國七雄|战国七雄[zhan4 guo2 qi1 xiong2]
Korea from the fall of the Joseon dynasty in 1897
Hàn
Han ethnic group
Chinese (language)
the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
jiā
home
family
(polite) my (sister, uncle etc)
classifier for families or businesses
refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China
noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian
CL:個|个[ge4]
hán
to keep
to contain
to suck (keep in your mouth without chewing)
hàn
perspiration
sweat
CL:滴[di1],頭|头[tou2],身[shen1]
to be speechless (out of helplessness, embarrassment etc) (Internet slang used as an interjection)
hǎn
"cliff" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 27), occurring in 原, 历, 压 etc
hú
non-Han people, esp. from central Asia
reckless
outrageous
what?
why?
to complete a winning hand at mahjong (also written 和[hu2])
hǎn
to yell
to shout
to call out for (a person)
Dí
surname Di
variant of 狄[Di2], generic name for northern ethnic minorities during the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 BC-220 AD)
hóng gōu
wide gap
gulf
chasm
lit. name of old canal in Henan that formed the border between enemies Chu 楚 and Han 漢|汉
shǔ
abbr. for Sichuan 四川 province in southwest China
one of the Three Kingdoms after the fall of the Han dynasty
Jiàn ān
reign name (196-219) at the end of the Han dynasty
Hàn dài
the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
Qín Hàn
the Qin (221-207 BC) and Han (206 BC-220 AD) dynasties
Dōng hàn
Eastern or later Han dynasty, 25-220
Qín lǐng
Qinling mountain range in Shaanxi forming natural barrier between Guanzhong plain 關中平原|关中平原[Guan1 zhong1 ping2 yuan2] and Han River 漢水|汉水[Han4 shui3] valley
hàn
regret (sense of loss or dissatisfaction)
Sī mǎ Qiān
Sima Qian (145-86 BC), Han Dynasty historian, author of Records of the Grand Historian 史記|史记[Shi3 ji4], known as the father of Chinese historiography
yí
non-Han people, esp. to the East of China
barbarians
to wipe out
to exterminate
to tear down
to raze
hàn
heroic
intrepid
valiant
dauntless
fierce
ferocious
violent
Wèi
surname Wei
name of vassal state of Zhou dynasty from 661 BC in Shanxi, one of the Seven Hero Warring States
Wei state, founded by Cao Cao 曹操, one of the Three Kingdoms from the fall of the Han
the Wei dynasty 221-265
Wei prefecture and Wei county at different historical periods
Xī yù
Western Regions (Han Dynasty term for regions beyond Yumen Pass 玉門關|玉门关[Yu4 men2 Guan1])
Diāo Chán
Diaochan (-192), one of the Four legendary beauties 四大美女[si4 da4 mei3 nu:3], in fiction a famous beauty at the break-up of Han dynasty, given as concubine to usurping warlord Dong Zhuo 董卓[Dong3 Zhuo2] to ensure his overthrow by fighting hero Lü Bu 呂布|吕布[Lu:3 Bu4]
Dí
surname Di
generic name for northern ethnic minorities during the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 BC-220 AD)
dà hàn
big person
the great Han dynasty
Hàn rén
Han Chinese person or people
Bā shǔ
Sichuan
originally two provinces of Qin and Han
hán
before daybreak
dawn about to break
(used in given names)
Liú Bāng
Liu Bang (256 or 247-195 BC), bandit leader who became first Han emperor Han Gaozu 漢高祖|汉高祖 (reigned 202-195 BC)
Xī Hàn
Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-8 AD), also called 前漢|前汉[Qian2 Han4], Former Han Dynasty
hán
to contain
to include
culvert
Hán Yù
Han Yu (768-824), Tang dynasty essayist and poet, advocate of the classical writing 古文運動|古文运动 and neoclassical 復古|复古 movements
Kè jiā
Hakka ethnic group (Han Chinese migrants from north to south China)
Liú Bèi
Liu Bei (161-223), warlord at the end of the Han dynasty and founder of the Han kingdom of Shu 蜀漢|蜀汉 (c. 200-263), later the Shu Han dynasty
Zhū gě Liàng
Zhuge Liang (181-234), military leader and prime minister of Shu Han 蜀漢|蜀汉 during the Three Kingdoms period
the main hero of the fictional Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义, where he is portrayed as a sage and military genius
mastermind
Dǒng Zhuó
Dong Zhuo (-192), top general of late Han, usurped power in 189, murdered empress dowager and child emperor, killed in 192 by Lü Bu 呂布|吕布
hàn
writing brush
writing
pen
hān
silly
simple-minded
foolish
naive
sturdy
tough
heavy (of rope)
hán
name of a district in Hebei
Cáo Cāo
Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei 曹魏, father of Emperor Cao Pi 曹丕
the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义
Hàn kǒu
Hankou, part of Wuhan 武漢|武汉 at the junction of Han river and Changjiang in Hubei
Sī mǎ
Minister of War (official title in pre-Han Chinese states)
two-character surname Sima
Zhāng Héng
Zhang Heng (78-139) great Han dynasty astronomer and mathematician
Luò yáng
Luoyang prefecture level city in Henan, an old capital from pre-Han times
Dà Qín
Han Dynasty term for the Roman Empire 羅馬帝國|罗马帝国[Luo2 ma3 Di4 guo2]
wǔ dài
Five dynasties (in different contexts, from mythology through to Han and the interregnum between Han and Tang)
the five dynasties forming the interregnum between Tang and Song (936-947), namely: Later Liang 后梁, Later Tang 后唐, Later Jin 后晋, Later Han 后汉, Later Zhou 后周
Jīn líng
pre-Han name for Nanjing
common place name
Xiàng Yǔ
Xiang Yu the Conqueror (232-202 BC), warlord defeated by first Han emperor
Hán Xìn
Han Xin (-196 BC), famous general of first Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1]
Hòu Hàn
Later Han or Eastern Han dynasty (25-220)
Later Han of the Five Dynasties (947-950)
tàn huā
candidate who came third in the Han-lin examination
see 狀元|状元[zhuang4 yuan2]
Ā Dǒu
A-dou, nickname of Liu Chan 劉禪|刘禅 (207-271), son of Liu Bei, reigned as Shu Han emperor 233-263
fig. weak and inept person
Hóng mén yàn
Feast at Hongmen
fig. banquet set up with the aim of murdering a guest
refers to a famous episode in 206 BC when future Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦 escaped attempted murder by his rival Xiangyu 項羽|项羽
liǎng Hàn
Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
refers to the Western Han and Eastern Han
Luò yáng shì
Luoyang prefecture level city in Henan, an old capital from pre-Han times
bǎng yǎn
candidate who came second in the Han-lin examination
see 狀元|状元[zhuang4 yuan2]
hàn
to ward off (a blow)
to withstand
to defend
zhū zǐ
various sages
refers to the classical schools of thought, e.g. Confucianism 儒[ru2] represented by Confucius 孔子[Kong3 zi3] and Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3], Daoism 道[dao4] by Laozi 老子[Lao3 zi3] and Zhuangzi 莊子|庄子[Zhuang1 zi3], Mohism 墨[mo4] by Mozi 墨子[Mo4 zi3], Legalism 法[fa3] by Sunzi 孫子|孙子[Sun1 zi3] and Han Feizi 韓非子|韩非子[Han2 Fei1 zi3], and numerous others
Wèi Jìn Nán Běi Cháo
Wei, Jin and North-South dynasties
generic term for historic period 220-589 between Han and Sui
Huà Tuó
Hua Tuo (?-208), famous doctor at the end of Han Dynasty
lóng de chuán rén
Descendants of the Dragon (i.e. Han Chinese)
Zhū Jùn
Zhu Jun (-195), politician and general at the end of later Han
Sān guó yǎn yì
Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong 羅貫中|罗贯中[Lúo Guàn zhōng], one of the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature
a fictional account of the Three Kingdoms at the break-up of the Han around 200 AD, consistently portraying Liu Bei's Shu Han 劉備, 蜀漢|刘备, 蜀汉 as virtuous heroes and Cao Cao's Wei 曹操, 魏 as tyrannical villains
Yán huáng zǐ sūn
Descendants of the Fiery Emperor and Yellow Emperor (i.e. Han Chinese people)
Hàn Shū
History of the Former Han Dynasty, second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史 [Èr shí xì Shǐ], composed by Ban Gu 班固[Bān Gù] in 82 during Eastern Han (later Han), 100 scrolls
Hàn Wǔ dì
Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty (141-87 BC)
liù jiā
Six schools of pre-Han philosophy, as analyzed by 司馬談|司马谈[Si1 ma3 Tan2] (儒家[Ru2 jia1], 道家[Dao4 jia1], 陰陽|阴阳[yin1 yang2], 法家[Fa3 jia1], 名家[Ming2 jia1], and 墨家[Mo4 jia1])
Fǎ Jiā
Legalist School of Thought of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) founded by Han Fei 韓非|韩非[Hán Fēi] and Li Si 李斯[Lǐ Sī], later adopted by Shang Yang 商鞅[Shāng Yāng] whose reforms helped establish the supremacy of the Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qīn qài] (221-207 BC)
Hàn cháo
Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
yuán dào
original path
essay by Tang philosopher Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈
sān guó shí dài
the Three Kingdoms period after the break-up of the Han (220-280)
Hàn xué
sinology
Chinese studies (in foreign schools)
Han Learning, a Qing dynasty movement aiming at a philological appraisal of the Classics
fǎ xué jiā
jurist
member of the pre-Han legalist school
Yè láng
small barbarian kingdom in southern China during the Han dynasty
Shǔ guó
Sichuan
the state of Shu in Sichuan at different periods
the Shu Han dynasty (214-263) of Liu Bei 劉備|刘备 during the Three Kingdoms
Shuō wén jiě zì
Shuowen, the original Han dynasty dictionary by Xu Shen 許慎|许慎
lǜ lín
green wood
place name in Hubei, the starting point for a major rebellion at the end of Western Han
huáng jīn
refers to the Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at the end of later Han (from 184)
Chǔ cí
Chu Ci, the Songs of Chu (ancient book of poems, collected during Han but esp. from country of Chu c. 500 BC)
Shǔ Hàn
Shu Han (c. 200-263), Liu Bei's kingdom in Sichuan during the Three Kingdoms, claiming legitimacy as successor of Han
Hòu Hàn shū
History of Eastern Han (later Han), third of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], composed by Fan Ye 範曄|范晔[Fan4 Ye4] in 445 during Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋[Nan2 chao2 Song4], 120 scrolls
Yuán Shào
Yuan Shao (153-202), general during late Han, subsequently warlord
Wáng Mǎng
Wang Mang (45 BC-23 AD), usurped power and reigned 9-23 between the former and later Han
Mǎ Wáng duī
Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan, a recent Han dynasty archaeological site
zhòu
(writing)
to develop
seal script used throughout the pre-Han period
Sūn Jiān
Sun Jian (155-191), famous general at end of Han dynasty, forerunner of the southern kingdom of Wu of the Three Kingdoms
Huái nán zi
miscellany of writing from the Western Han (former Han)
Chán yú
Chanyu (Han dynasty name for chiefs of Xiongnu Huns 匈奴)
Miǎn xiàn
Mian county in Hànzhōng 漢中|汉中[Hàn zhōng], Shǎnxī
fēng pèi
copious
plentiful (of water)
surging (of waves)
refers to home village of first Han emperor 漢高祖|汉高祖[Han4 Gao1 zu3]
fig. majestic
Hán Fēi
Han Fei, also known as Han Feizi 韓非子|韩非子[Han2 Fei1 zi3] (c. 280-233 BC), Legalist philosopher of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)
Hán Fēi zǐ
Han Feizi, book of Legalist Philosophy authored by Han Fei 韓非|韩非[Han2 Fei1] during the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)
Wáng Zhāo jūn
Wang Zhaojun (52-19 BC), famous beauty at the court of Han emperor Yuan 漢元帝|汉元帝[Han4 Yuan2 di4], one of the Four legendary beauties 四大美女[si4 da4 mei3 nu:3]
Dōng Hàn mò nián
the last years of Eastern Han
the breakup of the Han dynasty around 200 AD
Yáng xiàn
Yang county in Hànzhōng 漢中|汉中[Hàn zhōng], Shǎnxī
Sū Wǔ
Su Wu (140-60 BC), Han Dynasty diplomat and statesman, regarded as a model of courage and faithful service
Shén nóng běn cǎo jīng
Shennong's compendium of materia medica, a Han dynasty pharmacological compendium, 3 scrolls
Zhāng Jué
Zhang Jue (-184), leader of the Yellow turban rebels during the late Han
Hàn Gāo zǔ
posthumous name of the first Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦 (256 or 247-195 BC), reigned 202-195 BC
Bān Gù
Ban Gu (32-92), Eastern Han dynasty historian, wrote the Dynastic History of Western Han 漢書|汉书
Pī
surname Pi
Han dynasty county in modern Jiangsu
also pr. [Pei2]
Máng
Mt Mang at Luoyang in Henan, with many Han, Wei and Jin dynasty royal tombs
Lǐ Guǎng
Li Guang (-119 BC), Han dynasty general, nicknamed Flying General 飛將軍|飞将军 and much feared by the Xiongnu 匈奴
hàn
chin
to nod (one's assent)
Táng Sòng bā dà jiā
Eight Giants of Tang and Song prose, esp. involved in the Classics movement 古文運動|古文运动, namely: Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈, Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元, Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修|欧阳修, the Three Su father and sons 三蘇|三苏, Wang Anshi 王安石, Zeng Gong 曾鞏|曾巩
shí liù guó
Sixteen Kingdoms of five non-Han people (ruling most of China 304-439)
also written 五胡十六國|五胡十六国
Dǒng Zhòng shū
Dong Zhongshu (179-104 BC), philosopher influential in establishing Confucianism as the established system of values of former Han dynasty
Zhāng Qiān
Zhang Qian (-114 BC), Han dynasty explorer of 2nd century BC
Hán jiāng
the Han river in Guangdong
hān
small clam (Arca inflata)
Liú Héng
Liu Heng, personal name of Han emperor Han Wendi 漢文帝|汉文帝
Liu Heng (1954-), Chinese writer
Lüè yáng
Lüeyang county in Hànzhōng 漢中|汉中[Hàn zhōng], Shǎnxī
Yù mén Guān
Yumen Pass, or Jade Gate, western frontier post on the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty, west of Dunhuang, in Gansu
Tián Hàn
Tian Han (1898-1968), author of the words of the PRC national anthem March of the Volunteer Army 義勇軍進行曲|义勇军进行曲
Jiǎ Yì
Jia Yi (200-168 BC), Chinese poet and statesman of the Western Han Dynasty
mán yí
common term for non-Han peoples in former times, not exclusively derogatory
barbarian
Liú Chán
Liu Chan 劉禪|刘禅 (207-271), son of Liu Bei, reigned as Shu Han emperor 233-263
Běi Hàn
Han of the Five dynasties (951-979), one of ten kingdoms during the Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms period (907-960)
Xǔ Shèn
Xu Shen (-147) the compiler of the original Han dynasty dictionary Shuowen Jiezi 說文解字|说文解字[Shuo1 wen2 Jie3 zi4]
Zhāng Bǎo
Zhang Bao (-184), leader of the Yellow Turban rebels during the late Han 漢朝|汉朝[Han4 chao2]
Hàn Gāo zǔ Liú Bāng
Liu Bang (256 or 247-195 BC), first Han emperor, reigned 207-195 BC
shì míng
late Han etymological dictionary "Explain Words" by 劉熙|刘熙, 27 chapters in 8 scrolls, 1502 entries
Zhèng Xuán
Zheng Xuan (127-200), late Han scholar
Hàn wén dì
fourth Han emperor Han Wendi (202-157 BC), personal name Liu Heng 劉恆|刘恒 reigned 180-157 BC
Dōng yí
Eastern Barbarians, non-Han tribe living to the east of China c 2200 BC
Wǔ Hú
five non-Han people, namely: Huns or Xiongnu 匈奴, Xianbei 鮮卑|鲜卑, Jié 羯, Dī 氐, Qiāng 羌, esp. in connection with the Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 五胡十六國|五胡十六国
hàn
ward off, withstand, resist
Lǐ Líng
Li Ling (-74 BC), Han dynasty general whose defeat by the Xiongnu 匈奴 in 104 BC led to a major scandal
Bān Chāo
Ban Chao (33-102), noted Han diplomat and military man
Níng qiáng xiàn
Ningqiang county in Hànzhōng 漢中|汉中[Hàn zhōng], Shǎnxī
Hàn tái qū
Hantai district of Hànzhōng city 漢中市|汉中市[Hàn zhōng shì], Shǎnxī
xiào lián
xiaolian, two examination subjects in Han, later a single subject in Ming and Qing
successful second degree candidate
Hàn Xiàn dì
Emperor Xian of Han (181-234), the final Han emperor, set up by Dong Zhuo 董卓, reigned 189-220, forced to abdicate 220 by Cao Pi 曹丕
Fàn Yè
historian from Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋, author of History of Eastern Han 後漢書|后汉书
Xīn cháo
the Xin dynasty (8-23 AD) of Wang Mang 王莽, forming the interregnum between the former and later Han
fù guó qiáng bīng
lit. rich country, strong army (idiom); slogan of legalist philosophers in pre-Han times
Make the country wealthy and the military powerful, slogan of modernizers in Qing China and Meiji Japan (Japanese pronunciation: Fukoku kyōhei)
dú zūn rú shù
Dismiss the hundred schools, revere only the Confucians (slogan of former Han dynasty)
Liú Ān
Liu An (179-122 BC), King of Huainan under the Western Han, ordered the writing of the 淮南子[Huai2 nan2 zi5]
Xī xiāng xiàn
Xixiang county in Hànzhōng 漢中|汉中[Hàn zhōng], Shǎnxī
Nán zhèng xiàn
Nanzheng county in Hànzhōng 漢中|汉中[Hàn zhōng], Shǎnxī
liù shū
Six Methods of forming Chinese characters, according to Han dictionary Shuowen 說文|说文 - namely, two primary methods: 象形 (pictogram), 指事 (ideogram), two compound methods: 會意|会意 (combined ideogram), 形聲|形声 (ideogram plus phonetic), and two transfer methods: 假借 (loan), 轉注|转注 (transfer)
Máng shān
Mt Mang at Luoyang in Henan, with many Han, Wei and Jin dynasty royal tombs
yí dí
non-Han tribes in the east and north of ancient China
barbarians
Chéng gù xiàn
Chenggu county in Hànzhōng 漢中|汉中[Hàn zhōng], Shǎnxī
gōng fǔ
government post in Han dynasty
xíng míng
criminal law (abbr. for pre-Han legalist school 刑名之学)
name of crime
Hàn jiǎn
bamboo slip used for record keeping during the Han Dynasty
Wú Hán
Wu Han (1909-1969), historian, author of biography of Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, hounded to his death together with several members of his family during the cultural revolution
Sān jiā cūn
lit. village of three households
name of essay column in Beijing newspaper from 1961-1966, written by Deng Tuo 鄧拓|邓拓, Wu Han 吳晗|吴晗 and Liao Mosha 廖沫沙, criticized as anti-party during the Cultural Revolution
fēi jiāng jūn
nickname of Han dynasty general Li Guang 李廣|李广
Lüè yáng xiàn
Lüeyang county in Hànzhōng 漢中|汉中[Hàn zhōng], Shǎnxī
hù bù shàng shū
Minister of Revenue (from the Han dynasty onwards)
wàn hù hóu
Marquis (highest Han dynasty ducal title meaning lord of 10,000 households)
high nobles
hán
gems or pearls formerly put into the mouth of a corpse
Zhèn bā xiàn
Zhenba county in Hànzhōng 漢中|汉中[Hàn zhōng], Shǎnxī
Qián Hàn
Former Han Dynasty (206 BC-8 AD), also called 西漢|西汉[Xi1 Han4], Western Han Dynasty
Liú Yuān
Liu Yuan, warlord at the end of the Western Jin dynasty 西晋, founder of Cheng Han of the Sixteen Kingdoms 成漢|成汉 (304-347)
Chéng Hàn
Cheng Han of the Sixteen Kingdoms (304-347)
zhǔ jì
chief accounting officer
controller
comptroller
(Han Dynasty) treasurer
huáng jīn zhī luàn
the Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at the end of later Han (from 184)
Gōng yáng zhuàn
Mr Gongyang's annals or commentary on 春秋, early history, probably written by multiple authors during Han dynasty, same as 公羊春秋
huáng jīn qǐ yì
Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at the end of later Han (from 184)
Fó píng xiàn
Foping county in Hànzhōng 漢中|汉中[Hàn zhōng], Shǎnxī
huáng jīn jūn
the army of Yellow Turbans, a peasant uprising at the end of later Han (from 184)
shēn zài Cáo yíng xīn zài Hàn
live in Cao camp but have the heart in Han camp (idiom.)
to be somewhere while longing to be somewhere else
Zhōu Bó
Zhou Bo (?-169 BC), military man and politician at the Qin-Han transition, a founding minister of Western Han
Wú Yuè chūn qiū
History of the Southern States Wu and Yue (traditional rivals), compiled by Han historian Zhao Ye 趙曄|赵晔, 10 extant scrolls
Yuán tài zǔ
posthumous title of Genghis Khan 成吉思汗[Chéng jí sī hàn] (1162-1227)
Liú bà xiàn
Liuba county in Hànzhōng 漢中|汉中[Hàn zhōng], Shǎnxī
Hàn Xuān dì
Emperor Xuan (91-48 BC) of the Former Han Dynasty, reigned 74-48 BC
Méi Chéng
Mei Cheng (-c. 140 BC), Han dynasty poet
Xiàng Zhuāng wǔ jiàn , yì zài Pèi Gōng
lit. Xiangzhuang performs the sword dance, but his mind is set on Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦 (idiom); refers to 206 BC plot to murder Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦, Duke of Pei 沛公 and future Han emperor, during a sword dance at Feast at Hongmen 鴻門宴|鸿门宴[Hóng mén Yàn]
an elaborate deception to hide malicious intent
Běi Máng
Mt Mang at Luoyang in Henan, with many Han, Wei and Jin dynasty royal tombs
wǔ hú shí liù guó
Sixteen Kingdoms of five non-Han people (ruling most of China 304-439)
Hàn Yuán dì
Yuan Emperor, reign name of Han Dynasty emperor Liu Shi 劉奭|刘奭[Liu2 Shi4], (74-33 BC), reigned 48-33 BC
chūn qiū fán lù
Rich dew of spring and autumn, ideological tract by Han dynasty political philosopher Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒
Dōng Hàn mò
the last years of Eastern Han
the breakup of the Han dynasty around 200 AD
Hàn Míng Dì
Emperor Ming of Han (28-75), Western Han Dynasty Emperor 58-75
Qín lǐng shān mài
Qinling mountain range in Shaanxi forming natural barrier between Guanzhong plain 關中平原|关中平原 and Han River 汉水 valley
cóng
tribute paid by Han dynasty tribes
wǔ xíng
imperial five punishments of feudal China, up to Han times: tattooing characters on the forehead 墨[mo4], cutting off the nose 劓[yi4], amputation of one or both feet 刖[yue4], castration 宮|宫[gong1], execution 大辟[da4 pi4]
Han dynasty onwards: whipping 笞[chi1], beating the legs and buttocks with rough thorns 杖[zhang4], forced labor 徒[tu2], exile or banishment 流[liu2], capital punishment 死[si3]
Zhào Yè
Zhao Ye, Han dynasty historian, author of History of the Southern States Wu and Yue 吳越春秋|吴越春秋
Tóng bǎi shān
Tongbai mountain range, the watershed between Huai 淮河 and Han 漢江|汉江 rivers
tài shǐ lìng
grand scribe (official position in many Chinese states up to the Han)
shí cháng shì
Ten Permanent Functionaries at the end of Han, a byword for corruption
Chǔ Hàn zhàn zhēng
the war of 206-202 BC between Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦 of Han and Xiangyu 項羽|项羽 of Chu
Hán Sù yīn
Han Suyin (1917-2012), Eurasian physician and author
Liú Xī
Liu Xi (late Han, c. 200 AD), possibly the author of 釋名|释名[Shi4 ming2]
Gǔ liáng Zhuàn
Guliang Annals, commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋[Chun1 qiu1], first published during the Han Dynasty
Hǎi Ruì bà guān
Hai Rui dismissed from office, 1960 historical play by historian Wu Han 吳晗|吴晗
yí
shadbush or shadberry (genus Amelanchier)
name for a stable during the Han Dynasty
chèn wěi
divination combined with mystical Confucian philosopy, prevalent during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220)
Huáng fǔ Sōng
Huangfu Song (-195), later Han general and warlord
Bó hǎi
Han dynasty province around the Bohai sea
renamed 渤海 after the Han
hān
a sound
to put in the mouth
duàn xiù zhī pǐ
lit. cut sleeve (idiom); fig. euphemism for homosexuality, originating from History of Western Han 漢書|汉书: emperor Han Aidi (real name Liu Xin) was in bed with his lover Dong Xian, and had to attend a court audience that morning. Not wishing to awaken Dong Xian, who was sleeping with his head resting on the emperor's long robe sleeve, Aidi used a knife to cut off the lower half of his sleeve.
shǐ sī míng
Shi Siming (703-761), non-Han military man and colleague of An Lushan 安禄山, eventually conspirator with him in the 755-763 Anshi rebellion 安史之亂|安史之乱 against the Tang dynasty
yān shì
formal wife of a Xiongnu chief during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
Rèn Ān
Ren An (-c. 90 BC), Han Dynasty general, also called Ren Shaoqing 任少卿
jiān
see 犂靬[Li2 jian1], Han dynasty name for countries in far West
huá zhòu
Han people
descendants of nobles
dǐ bào
imperial bulletin, palace report dating back to Han dynasty
fǔ xíng
castration (a form of punishment during the Han period)
yǐ zǐ zhī máo , gōng zǐ zhī dùn
lit. use sb's spear to attack his shield (idiom, derived from Han Feizi 韓非子|韩非子); turning a weapon against its owner
fig. to attack an opponent using his own devices
hoist with his own petard
Lǐ Áo
Li Ao (774-836), Tang dynasty scholar and writer, colleague of Han Yu 韓愈 in promoting classical writing 古文運動|古文运动
tái
ancient place name (a Han dynasty town in Shaanxi)
variant of 邰
jīn wén jīng xué
former Han dynasty school of Confucian scholars
zhòu wén
seal script used throughout the pre-Han period
jīn gǔ wén
former Han dynasty study or rewriting of classical texts such as the Confucian six classics 六經|六经
Sī mǎ Tán
Sima Tan (-110 BC), Han dynasty scholar and historian, and father of 司馬遷|司马迁[Si1 ma3 Qian1]
wū gǔ zhī huò
91 BC attempted coup d'etat against Emperor Wu of Han 漢武帝|汉武帝, beginning with accusations of witchcraft
xiān Hàn
pre-Han
China before to 200 BC
Hàn wén dì Liú héng
Liu Heng (202-157 BC), the fourth Han emperor Han Wendi, reigned 180-157 BC
liù cháo shí dài
the six dynasties period (222-589) between Han and Tang
hǎi shàng huā liè zhuàn
The Sing-Song Girls of Shanghai by Han Bangqing 韓邦慶|韩邦庆, long novel of lower life in classical Chinese and Jiangsu vernacular
translated into Putonghua as 海上花 by Iris Chang
Xuán tù jùn
Xuantu commandery (108 BC-c. 300 AD), one of four Han dynasty commanderies in north Korea
Lè làng jùn
Lelang commandery (108 BC-313 AD), one of four Han dynasty commanderies in north Korea
fèi fān zhì xiàn
to abolish the feudal Han and introduce modern prefectures (refers to reorganization during Meiji Japan)
Dōng guān hàn jì
History of later Han dynasty, internal palace record by many 1st and 2nd century authors, 143 scrolls
dào zhī suǒ cún , shī zhī suǒ cún
If sb has grasped the truth before you, take him as your teacher (Tang dynasty essayist Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈).
We should learn from one who knows the way.
Hàn sì jùn
four Han commanderies in north Korea 108 BC-c. 300 AD
ǎi hēi rén
black dwarf (pejorative term for non-Han people)
Qián Hàn Shū
History of the Former Han Dynasty, second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Èr shí xì Shǐ], composed by Ban Gu 班固[Bān Gù] in 82 during Eastern Han (later Han), 100 scrolls
Rì nán jùn
Han dynasty province in Vietnam
Gōng yáng chūn qiū
Mr Gongyang's annals or commentary on 春秋, early history, probably written during Han dynasty, same as 公羊傳|公羊传
Què pí
Quepi lake (irrigation project in Han to Tang times on Huai river 淮河 in modern Anhui)
Liú Shì
Liu Shi, personal name of Han Emperor Yuandi 漢元帝|汉元帝[Han4 Yuan2 di4]
hú shēng
pipe wind instrument introduced from the non-Han peoples in the North and West
jīn wén jīng
former Han dynasty school of Confucian scholars
Hán Shēng zhū
Han Seung Soo (1936-), South Korean diplomat and politician, prime minister from 2008
Xī píng shí jīng
Xiping steles, calligraphic work on carved steles of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD)
Hán Ài jīng
Han Aijing (1945-), notorious red guard leader during Cultural Revolution, spent 15 years in prison for imprisoning and torturing political leaders
Zhēn pān jùn
Zhenpan commandery (108 BC-c. 300 AD), one of four Han dynasty commanderies in north Korea
xíng míng zhī xué
criminal law, pre-Han legalist school
zhòu shū
seal script used throughout the pre-Han period
Lín tún jùn
Lintun commandery (108 BC-c. 300 AD), one of four Han dynasty commanderies in north Korea
Hán Bāng qìng
Han Bangqing (1856-1894), writer and publisher of experimental literary journal in classical Chinese and Jiangsu vernacular, author of novel 海上花列傳|海上花列传
Jiāo Yáo
Jiao Yao
legendary dwarf
legendary pygmy race
archaic name of a southwestern non-Han tribe
jǔ xián liáng duì cè
Treatise 134 BC by Han dynasty philosopher Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒
Hán Shì chāng
Han Shichang (1897-1977), actor specializing in Kunqu opera 昆曲
Hán Yàn zhí
Han Yanzhi (1131-?), Song dynasty botanist, author of classification of orange trees 橘錄|橘录[ju2 lu4]
Hàn mò Wèi chū
late Han and early Wei (roughly, first half of 3rd century AD)
Xiàng Zhuāng wǔ jiàn , zhì zài Pèi Gōng
lit. Xiangzhuang performs the sword dance, but his mind is set on Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦 (idiom); refers to 206 BC plot to murder Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦, Duke of Pei 沛公 and future Han emperor, during a sword dance at Feast at Hongmen 鴻門宴|鸿门宴[Hóng mén Yàn]
an elaborate deception to hide malicious intent
lì cháo tōng sú yǎn yì
Dramatized history of successive dynasties (from Han to Republican China) by Cai Dongfan 蔡東藩|蔡东藩
quàn nóng shǐ
envoy charge with promoting agriculture (in Han dynasty)
Gǔ dǒng tān
Gudong desert or Antiques desert at Han dynasty Yangguan pass 陽關|阳关[Yang2 guan1], named after many Han dynasty archaeological discoveries
jú lù
classification of orange trees by 12th century Song dynasty botanist Han Yanzhi 韓彥直|韩彦直[Han2 Yan4 zhi2]
zhū zǐ shí jiā
various sages and ten schools of thought
refers to the classical schools of thought, e.g. Confucianism 儒[ru2] represented by Confucius 孔子[Kong3 zi3] and Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3], Daoism 道[dao4] by Laozi 老子[Lao3 zi3] and Zhuangzi 莊子|庄子[Zhuang1 zi3], Mohism 墨[mo4] by Mozi 墨子[Mo4 zi3], Legalism 法[fa3] by Sunzi 孫子|孙子[Sun1 zi3] and Han Feizi 韓非子|韩非子[Han2 Fei1 zi3], and numerous others
Lí jiān
Han dynasty name for countries in far West
may refer to Silk Road states or Alexandria or the Roman empire
huáng jīn mín biàn
the Yellow Turbans peasant uprising at the end of later Han (from 184)
hǎi shàng qí shū
literary journal published in 1892-93 by Han Bangqing 韓邦慶|韩邦庆 featuring serialized novels in classical Chinese and Jiangsu vernacular
Jù lí hé
pre-Han name of Liao river 遼河|辽河
Hán Fù jǔ
Han Fuju (1890-1938), Nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) army general and governor of Shandong, executed by Chiang Kai-shek 蔣介石|蒋介石[Jiang3 Jie4 shi2] after he abandoned Ji'nan to the Japanese
hún yí zhù
book by Han dynasty astronomer Zhang Heng
rén fēi shēng ér zhī zhī zhě , shú néng wú huò
Knowledge is not innate to man, how can we overcome doubt?
We are not born with knowledge, how does one achieve maturity? (i.e. without guidance from a teacher - Tang dynasty essayist Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈)
Dōng xiàn hàn jì
Records of the Eastern Han, model for History of Later Han 後漢書|后汉书
dào suǒ cún zhě , nǎi shī suǒ cún zhě
If sb has grasped the truth before you, take him as your teacher (Tang dynasty essayist Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈).
We should learn from one who knows the way.
Hóng mén Yàn
Feast at Hongmen
(fig.) banquet set up with the aim of murdering a guest
refers to a famous episode in 206 BC when future Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1] escaped attempted murder by his rival Xiang Yu 項羽|项羽[Xiang4 Yu3]
Xiāo Hé
Xiao He (-193 BC), famous strategist and chancellor, fought on Liu Bang's 劉邦|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1] side during the Chu-Han Contention 楚漢戰爭|楚汉战争[Chu3 Han4 Zhan4 zheng1]
Liù Cháo Shí dài
the Six Dynasties period (222-589) between Han and Tang
chán yú
chanyu (Han Dynasty name for chiefs of Xiongnu Huns 匈奴[Xiong1 nu2])
Shǔ
short name for Sichuan 四川[Si4 chuan1] province
one of the Three Kingdoms 三國|三国[San1 guo2] after the fall of the Han dynasty
Xiǎn yǔn
Zhou Dynasty term for a northern nomadic tribe later called the Xiongnu 匈奴[Xiong1 nu2] in the Qin and Han Dynasties
Dōng guān Hàn jì
History of Later Han dynasty, internal palace record by many 1st and 2nd century authors, 143 scrolls
Huá zhòu
(literary) Han people
descendants of nobles
Sān guó Yǎn yì
Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong 羅貫中|罗贯中[Luo2 Guan4 zhong1], one of the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature
a fictional account of the Three Kingdoms at the break-up of the Han around 200 AD, consistently portraying Liu Bei's Shu Han 劉備, 蜀漢|刘备, 蜀汉 as virtuous heroes and Cao Cao's Wei 曹操, 魏 as tyrannical villains
Zhāng Cháng
Zhang Chang, official and scholar of the Eastern Han dynasty
Huà Tuó
Hua Tuo (c. 140-208), ancient Chinese physician from the Eastern Han period
yān zhī
formal wife of a Xiongnu chief during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
Lù lín
place in Hubei, the starting point for a major rebellion at the end of Western Han
also pr. [Lu:4 lin2]
tiān rén gǎn yìng
interactions between heaven and mankind (Han Dynasty doctrine)
Hǎi shàng Huā Liè zhuàn
The Sing-Song Girls of Shanghai by Han Bangqing 韓邦慶|韩邦庆[Han2 Bang1 qing4], long novel of lower life in classical Chinese and Jiangsu vernacular
translated into Putonghua as 海上花 by Iris Chang
Jù lí Hé
pre-Han name of Liao River 遼河|辽河[Liao2 He2]
Fǎ jiā
Legalist School of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) founded by Han Fei 韓非|韩非[Han2 Fei1] and Li Si 李斯[Li3 Si1], later adopted by Shang Yang 商鞅[Shang1 Yang1] whose reforms helped establish the supremacy of the Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qin1 dai4] (221-207 BC)
dà jiàng
master craftsman
Han dynasty official title
Shén nóng Běn cǎo Jīng
Shennong's Compendium of Materia Medica, a Han dynasty pharmacological compendium, 3 scrolls
Qián Hàn shū
History of the Former Han Dynasty, second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], composed by Ban Gu 班固[Ban1 Gu4] in 82 during Eastern Han (later Han), 100 scrolls
Tái
ancient place name (a Han dynasty town in Shaanxi)
variant of 邰[Tai2]
Fēi jiāng jūn
nickname of Han dynasty general Li Guang 李廣|李广[Li3 Guang3]
Ā dǒu
A-dou, nickname of Liu Chan 劉禪|刘禅 (207-271), son of Liu Bei, reigned as Shu Han emperor 233-263
fig. weak and inept person
hán
see 可汗[ke4 han2], 汗國|汗国[han2 guo2]
Dèng Tōng
Deng Tong (2nd c. BC), one of the wealthiest Former Han Dynasty 前漢|前汉[Qian2 Han4] officials
Shǐ Sī míng
Shi Siming (703-761), non-Han military man and colleague of An Lushan 安祿山|安禄山[An1 Lu4 shan1], eventually conspirator with him in the 755-763 An-Shi Rebellion 安史之亂|安史之乱[An1 Shi3 zhi1 Luan4] against the Tang dynasty
běn shěng rén
people of this province
(in Taiwan) Han Chinese people other than those who moved to Taiwan from mainland China after 1945 and their descendants
Huáng jīn
refers to the Yellow Turbans Peasant Uprising at the end of later Han (from 184)
Huáng jīn zhī Luàn
the Yellow Turbans Peasant Uprising at the end of later Han (from 184)
Huáng jīn Mín biàn
the Yellow Turbans Peasant Uprising at the end of later Han (from 184)
yāo gǔ
waist drum
waist-drum dance (Han ethnic group folk dance)
Huáng jīn Qǐ yì
Yellow Turbans Peasant Uprising at the end of later Han (from 184)
Huáng jīn jūn
the army of Yellow Turbans, a peasant uprising at the end of later Han (from 184)
Liú Xiàng
Liu Xiang (77-6 BC), Han Dynasty scholar and author
Shuō wén Jiě zì
Shuowen Jiezi, the original Han dynasty Chinese character dictionary with 10,516 entries, authored by Xu Shen 許慎|许慎[Xu3 Shen4] in 2nd century
Chǔ hé Hàn jiè
lit. the river that divides Chu and Han
fig. a line that divides rival territories
the mid-line between sides on a Chinese chessboard
Chǔ Hàn Zhàn zhēng
Chu-Han Contention (206-202 BC), power struggle between Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1] of Han and Xiang Yu 項羽|项羽[Xiang4 Yu3] of Chu
Jié
Jie people, originally a branch of the Tokhara 月支[Yue4 zhi1]
also general term for non-Han people
Hán Hán
Han Han (1982-), PRC blogger, singer and professional rally driver
Hán Zhèng
Han Zheng (1954-), mayor of Shanghai (2007-2012), CPC Shanghai Committee Secretary (2012-)
Mǎn Hàn quán xí
the Manchu Han imperial feast, a legendary banquet in the Qing dynasty
(fig.) a sumptuous banquet
Shí liù guó
Sixteen Kingdoms of Five non-Han people (ruling most of China 304-439)
also written 五胡十六國|五胡十六国
Sūn Cè
Sun Ce (175-200), general and major warlord of the Later Han Dynasty
Zhào Qí
Zhao Qi (-201 BC), early Han commentator on Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3]
yǐ zǐ zhī máo , gōng zǐ zhī dùn
lit. use sb's spear to attack his shield (idiom, derived from Han Feizi 韓非子|韩非子); turning a weapon against its owner
fig. to attack an opponent using his own devices
hoist with his own petard
Xiàng Zhuāng wǔ jiàn , yì zài Pèi gōng
lit. Xiang Zhuang performs the sword dance, but his mind is set on Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1] (idiom); refers to 206 BC plot to murder Liu Bang, aka Duke of Pei 沛公[Pei4 gong1] and the future Han emperor, during a sword dance at Feast at Hongmen 鴻門宴|鸿门宴[Hong2 men2 Yan4]
an elaborate deception to hide malicious intent
Cáo Cān
Cao Can (-190 BC), second chancellor of Han Dynasty, contributed to its founding by fighting on Liu Bang's 劉邦|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1] side during the Chu-Han Contention 楚漢戰爭|楚汉战争[Chu3 Han4 Zhan4 zheng1]
also pr. [Cao2 Shen1]
Hàn xìng
Han surname
Chinese surname
hàn zì
Chinese character
CL:個|个[ge4]
Japanese: kanji
Korean: hanja
Vietnamese: hán tự
dào zhī suǒ cún , shī zhī suǒ cún
If sb has grasped the truth before you, take him as your teacher (Tang dynasty essayist Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈).
We should learn from one who knows the way.
Wǔ hú
Five non-Han people, namely: Huns or Xiongnu 匈奴[Xiong1 nu2], Xianbei 鮮卑|鲜卑[Xian1 bei1], Jie 羯[Jie2], Di 氐[Di1], Qiang 羌[Qiang1], esp. in connection with the Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 五胡十六國|五胡十六国[Wu3 hu2 Shi2 liu4 guo2]
Wǔ hú Shí liù guó
Sixteen Kingdoms of Five non-Han people (ruling most of China 304-439)
Hàn Wén dì
Emperor Wen of Han (202-157 BC), fourth Han emperor, personal name Liu Heng 劉恆|刘恒[Liu2 Heng2], reigned 180-157 BC
Hàn shū
History of the Former Han Dynasty, second of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], composed by Ban Gu 班固[Ban1 Gu4] in 82 during Eastern Han (later Han), 100 scrolls
hàn fú
traditional Han Chinese dress
Liáo
name of a state during Han Dynasty
dào suǒ cún zhě , nǎi shī suǒ cún zhě
If sb has grasped the truth before you, take him as your teacher (Tang dynasty essayist Han Yu 韓愈|韩愈).
We should learn from one who knows the way.
chéng yě Xiāo Hé , bài yě Xiāo Hé
lit. raised up by Xiao He, cast down by Xiao He (idiom), alluding to Han Xin 韓信|韩信[Han2 Xin4] being made Grand General 大將軍|大将军[da4 jiang1 jun1]
fig. a situation where one's success and failure are both due to the same factor
Hàn zéi bù liǎng lì
lit. Shu Han 蜀漢|蜀汉[Shu3 Han4] and Cao Wei 曹魏[Cao2 Wei4] cannot coexist (idiom)
fig. two enemies cannot live under the same sky
(former KMT slogan against CPC) "gentlemen and thieves cannot coexist"
Gōng yáng Zhuàn
Mr Gongyang's Annals or commentary on 春秋[Chun1 qiu1], early history, probably written by multiple authors during Han dynasty, same as 公羊春秋[Gong1 yang2 Chun1 qiu1]
Gōng yáng Chūn qiū
Mr Gongyang's Annals or commentary on 春秋[Chun1 qiu1], early history, probably written during Han dynasty, same as 公羊傳|公羊传[Gong1 yang2 Zhuan4]
Yán Huáng zǐ sūn
Descendants of the Fiery Emperor and Yellow Emperor (i.e. Han Chinese people)
Shì míng
"Shiming", late Han dictionary, containing 1502 entries, using puns on the pronunciation of headwords to explain their meaning